eBolovanje: electronic sick leave in Serbia for employers

What is eBolovanje?

"e-Bolovanje - Poslodavac" is the state software for electronic sick leave. It connects employers, the chosen doctors (izabrani lekar) and RFZO. The Office for IT and eGovernment (ITE) runs it on eUprava, the e-government portal.

The law on the exchange of sick leave data through this software is in Sl. glasnik RS 109/2025. This guide calls it the eBolovanje Law. The rulebook on the same exchange of data is in Sl. glasnik RS 71/2026.

Who must use eBolovanje?

Every employer that employs a person with a right to wage compensation during sick leave uses eBolovanje. These employers include companies, other legal entities, state bodies, notaries, bailiffs, and entrepreneurs with employees. The law does not apply to the security intelligence agency (BIA), to professional soldiers, and to households that employ domestic staff.

Which dates apply?

The eBolovanje Law was published on 2025-12-04 and is in force since 2025-12-12. Its duties started in steps:

• By 2026-01-01, employers registered on eUprava and got access to the software.
• Since 2026-01-01, the employer receives the certificate and the report on sick leave in the software.
• Since 2026-04-01, the employer sends the requests for the calculation of wage compensation, the objections and the requests to the medical commissions in the software.
• By 2027-01-01, entrepreneurs with one or more employees register and get access.

A sick leave procedure that started before 2026-01-01 ends under the old rules.

Which documents arrive through eBolovanje?

The software delivers these documents to the employer:

• The certificate of the start of temporary incapacity for work (potvrda o nastupanju privremene sprečenosti za rad). The chosen doctor issues it as an electronic public document (Art. 5(1), (2) and (5)).
• The report on temporary incapacity for work (izveštaj o privremenoj sprečenosti za rad). Its paper form was the OZ-6, the "doznaka". The chosen doctor issues it, and the system also issues it, among other cases, at the end of each month. It is a public document and an accounting document (Art. 5(3), (4), (6) and (7)).
• The calculation of wage compensation (obračun). RFZO makes it on the request of the employer (Art. 6).
• The notice of the decision of a medical commission (Art. 4(1) items 3 and 4, Art. 6).

The employer sees the diagnosis only when the employee asks for it. The Labour Law asks the employee to deliver the doctor's certificate within 3 days. That duty stops for the employees of the employers that the eBolovanje Law covers.

Who pays the wage compensation?

The Health Insurance Law (Zakon o zdravstvenom osiguranju) splits the payment between the employer and RFZO:

• For the first 30 days, the employer pays the wage compensation from its own funds. For an illness, the Labour Law sets at least 65% of the average wage of the previous 12 months, and at least the minimum wage.
• From day 31, RFZO provides the compensation.
• From day 1, RFZO pays for an organ donation and for the care of a sick child under 3 years of age.
• For a work injury or an occupational disease, the employer pays for the whole leave.

RFZO calculates the compensation within 21 days of a complete request. It transfers the amount to the special account of the employer for wage compensation (namenski račun). The employer pays the employee within 7 days of the receipt, or returns the money with interest.

What must the employer and the payroll do?

1. Step 1 Get a legal entity account on eUprava. A d.o.o. registered at APR, the Serbian Business Registers Agency, already has one. An entrepreneur, and a company with branches registered in Serbia, registers the account. The legal representative signs in with a qualified certificate or ConsentID and selects "Registracija naloga pravnog lica".
2. Step 2 Give the roles. The legal representative gives the roles to staff or to the payroll provider in "Administracija korisnika" on eUprava. The roles are "Rad sa privremenom sprečenošću za rad u sistemu eBolovanje - Poslodavac" and "Rad sa obračunima u sistemu eBolovanje - Poslodavac".
3. Step 3 Create the employer profile. At the first login, a user with one of these roles creates the profile. No other function works before the profile exists.
4. Step 4 Monitor the sick leaves, and download the certificates and the reports.
5. Step 5 Pay the wage compensation for the first 30 days from the company's own funds.
6. Step 6 When RFZO provides the compensation, send the request for calculation in eBolovanje. Create a calculation list, add the employees and their data, attach the documents, sign, and send the list to RFZO. Send it within 15 days of the salary payment for the month of the compensation (Health Insurance Law, Art. 109(1)). After that, the system refuses the list. For a compensation that the employer already paid, the system accepts a refund list for 3 years from the date the right falls due (Health Insurance Law, Art. 109(2)).
7. Step 7 Pay the employee within 7 days of the receipt of the money from RFZO. Then mark the payment as done in eBolovanje.
8. Step 8 To object to the assessment of the doctor, send the objection in eBolovanje within 3 days of the last action on the sick leave.

What are the fines?

An employer that does not access and use the software pays a fine. The fine is 50,000 to 200,000 RSD for a company and 10,000 to 50,000 RSD for an entrepreneur with employees. The responsible person pays 5,000 to 25,000 RSD. The Republic, the provinces and the local governments are not liable for this fine. The labour inspection, the administrative inspection and the health inspection supervise the law.